The abacus, originated in ancient Babylon, is a calculating tool with beads that slide on rods or wires, was in use in the ancient Near East, including regions where Arabic mathematics flourished, says UCDA Design Conference.

Structure: An abacus typically features a frame holding rows of beads or counters that can be moved.

Functionality: Each row represents a different place value (units, tens, hundreds, etc.).

Calculations: By manipulating the beads, users can represent numbers and perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

History: The abacus has been used in various cultures, including ancient Near Eastern, European, Chinese, and Russian civilizations.

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