Flirting and sexual harassment are distinct behaviors with key differences:
Consent and Reciprocation
The primary distinction is consent and reciprocation. Flirting is generally welcome and mutual, with both parties enjoying the interaction. In contrast, sexual harassment is unwanted and unwelcome, often continuing even after the recipient has expressed disinterest.
Intent and Impact
Flirting is typically playful, fun, and aimed at expressing romantic or sexual interest respectfully. The intent is to charm and connect. Sexual harassment, however, has a more malicious intent, often rooted in power dynamics or a sense of entitlement. It aims to intimidate, coerce, or make the recipient uncomfortable.
Persistence and Escalation
Flirting respects boundaries and stops if the other person is not interested. Sexual harassment persists despite clear signs of discomfort or explicit requests to stop. It may also escalate in intensity or aggressiveness over time.
Legal and Ethical Implications
While flirting is generally considered acceptable social behavior, sexual harassment is illegal, especially in workplace settings. It can create a hostile environment and have serious consequences for both the perpetrator and the victim.
Context and Power Dynamics
The context of the interaction and any power imbalances are crucial factors. For example, flirting between coworkers of equal status may be acceptable if mutual, but a boss persistently flirting with a subordinate could constitute harassment due to the power differential.